[Learning Vocabulary] Oxford Picture Dictionary (22)

Xem phần 21 ở đây: http://vuonghienuit.blogspot.com/2013/04/learning-vocabulary-oxford-picture_17.html

Pic 1: A Bedroom (Phòng ngủ)

Pic 2:  A Children's Bedroom (Phòng ngủ trẻ con)

Xem thêm ở : Học từ vựng bằng hình ảnh

How to Save your Money

1. Source of this topic: http://www.wikihow.com/Save-Money 

   Saving money is one of those tasks that's so much easier said than done. There's more to it than spending less money (although that part alone can be challenging). How much money will you save, where will you put it, and how can you make sure it stays there? Here's how to set realistic goals, keep your spending in check, and get the most for your money.
2. 1
   Kill your debt first. Simply calculating how much you spend each month on your debts will illustrate that eliminating debt is the fastest way to free up money. Once the money is freed from debt payment, it can easily be re-purposed to savings. Plus, the sooner you pay off debt, the less interest you'll pay, and that money can be saved instead.
   
   
   • If you choose to start saving before you completely pay off your debt, however, look into consolidating your debts so that you're not paying as much interest.
   • The only money-saving that should take precedence over getting out of debt is to create an emergency fund (setting aside enough money so that if you lose your income, you can survive for 3-6 months). If you don't already have an emergency fund, you should start contributing to one immediately.
3. 2
   Set savings goals. For short-term goals, this is easy. If you want to buy a video game, find out how much it costs; if you want to buy a house, determine how much of a down payment you’ll need. For long-term goals, such as retirement, you’ll need to do a lot more planning (figuring out how much money you’ll need to live comfortably for 20 or 30 years after you stop working), and you’ll also need to figure out how investments will help you achieve your goals.
   
   
4. 3
   Establish a time-frame. For example: "I want to be able to buy a house two years from today." Set a particular date for accomplishing shorter-term goals, and make sure the goal is attainable within that time period. If it’s not attainable, you’ll just get discouraged.
   
   
5. 4
   Figure out how much you’ll have to save per week, per month, or per paycheck to attain each of your savings goals. Take each thing you want to save for and figure out how much you need to start saving now. For most savings goals, it’s best to save the same amount each period. For example, if you want to put a $20,000 down payment on a home in 36 months (three years), you’ll need to save about $550 per month every month. But if your paychecks amount to $1000, it might not be a realistic goal, so adjust your time-frame until you come up with an approachable amount.
   
   
6. 5
   Keep a record of your expenses. What you save falls between two activities and their difference: how much you make and how much you spend. Since you have more control over how much you spend, it's wise to take a critical look at your expenses. Write down everything you spend your money on for a couple weeks or a month. Be as detailed as possible, and try not to leave out small purchases. Assign each purchase or expenditure a category such as: Rent, Car insurance, Car payments, Phone Bill, Cable Bill, Utilities, Gas, Food, Entertainment, etc.
   
   
   • Keep a small notebook with you at all times. Get in the habit of recording every expense and saving the receipts.
   • Sit down once a week with your small notebook and receipts. Record your expenses in a larger notebook or a spreadsheet program.
   • There are also many apps you can download to your phone that will help you keep track of your expenses.
7. 6
   Trim your expenses. Take a good, hard look at your spending records after a month or two have passed. You’ll probably be surprised when you look back at your record of expenses: $30 on ice cream, $10 on parking tickets? You’ll likely see some obvious cuts you can make. Depending on how much you need to save, however, you may need to make some difficult decisions. Think about your priorities, and make cuts you can live with. Calculate how much those cuts will save you per year, and you'll be much more motivated to pinch pennies.
   
   
   
   
   • Can you move to a less expensive apartment or house? Can you refinance your mortgage?
   • Can you save money on gas, or give up a car altogether? If your family has multiple cars, can you bring it down to one?
   • Can you get a better price on insurance? Call around and make sure you are getting the best price you can. Consider taking a higher deductible, too.
   • Shop the discount racks at clothing stores. Items on clearance are marked down considerably and could save you 50% of the price.
   • Can you drop a land line and either only use your cell phone or save money by calling over the internet for free with services such as Skype?
   • Can you live without cable or satellite TV?
   • Can you cut down on your utility bills?
   • Can you restrict eating out? Buy food in bulk? Start using coupons? Cook more at home? You might be able to save a lot of money when grocery shopping.
8. 7
   Reassess your savings goals. Subtract your expenses (the ones you can't live without) from your take-home income (i.e. after taxes have been taken out). What is the difference? And does it match up with your savings goals? Let's say you've decided you can definitely get by on $150 per month, and your paychecks amount to $230 per month. That leaves you with $80 to save. If there’s absolutely no way you can fit all your savings goals into your budget, take a look at what you’re saving for and cut the less important things or adjust the time-frame. Maybe you need to put off buying a new car for another year, or maybe you don’t really need a big-screen TV that badly.
   
   
9. 8
   Make a budget. Once you’ve managed to balance your earnings with your savings goals and spending, write down a budget so you’ll know each month or each paycheck how much you can spend on any given thing or category of things. This is especially important for expenses which tend to fluctuate, or which you know you're going to have a particularly hard time restricting. (E.g. "I will only spend $30 a month on movies/chocolate/coffee/etc.")
   
   
10. 9
    Stop using credit cards. Pay for everything with cash or money orders. Don't even use checks. It's easier to overspend when you're pulling from a bank or credit account because you don't know exactly how much is in there. If you have cash, you can see your supply running low. You can even bundle up the predetermined amount of cash allocated for each expense with a label or keep separate jars for each expense (e.g. a bundle/jar for coffee, another for gas, another for miscellaneous). As you pull money from a jar for that particular expense, you'll see how much remains and you'll also be reminded of your limit.
    
    
    • If you need to have credit cards but you don't want the temptation of having them available to use day-to-day, restrict that section of your wallet with a note or picture reminding you of your savings goals.
    • Credit cards are not inherently evil; it's all about your self control. If you use them responsibly (i.e. completely pay them off every month), you can benefit from them. But the reason most credit card companies make money, however, is because people end up spending money that they don't have. Unless you are one of the people who can religiously pay off the balance in full every month, you're better off foregoing the promotions that credit card companies use to lure you in (cash back, introductory APR, airline miles, and so on).
11. 10
    Open an interest-bearing savings account. It’s a lot easier to keep track of your savings if you have them separate from your spending money. You can also usually get better interest on savings accounts than on checking accounts (if you get interest on your checking account at all). Consider higher-interest options such as CDs or money-market accounts for longer savings goals.
    
    
12. 11
    Pay yourself first. Savings should be your priority, so don’t just say that you’ll save whatever is left over at the end of the month. Deposit savings into an account (or your piggy-bank) as soon as you get paid. An easy, effective way to start saving is to simply deposit 10% of every check in a savings account. If you get a check or sum of cash, say 710.68, move the decimal point one place to the left and deposit that amount: 71.07. This works well and requires little thought; over several years, you've a tidy sum in savings.
    
    
    • You can set up an automatic transfer from your checking account to your savings account.
    • Many employers allow you to deduct savings from your paycheck. The money is directly deposited in your savings account so you never even see it on your paycheck.
    • You can also have investments for retirement taken directly out of your pay, and the taxes may be deferred with this option. Your employer may offer a 401k matching program for retirement as well making it even more worthwhile to save.
13. 12
    Don't get discouraged and don't give up. You may not think you can become wealthy but to become a millionaire is possible if you set up a aggressive savings plan and stick to it. You may be surprised how much money you can put away for something far more enjoyable than what you could buy with short term savings. Good things often take time and the longer you save the more interest you will be making on your savings as well!
    
    

[Learning Vocabulary] Oxford Picture Dictionary (21)

Xem phần 20 ở đây: http://vuonghienuit.blogspot.com/2013/04/learning-vocabulary-oxford-picture_4411.html

Pic1:  A Living Room (Phòng khách)

Pic 2: A Bathroom (Phòng tắm)

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OWN - Sử dụng "OWN"

OWN và cách sử dụng

        1.     Dùng own để chỉ cái gì đó của riêng mình, không chia sẻ và không vay mượn của ai, như:

“my own room” (căn phòng của riêng tôi)

“his own car” (chiếc xe của riêng anh ấy)…

        2.     Own luôn đi trước danh từ và sau tính từ sở hữu. Và do ý nghĩa của nó ta chỉ có thể nói my own…, his own…, your own…,… chứ không nói an own…

Ví dụ:

Many people in England have their own house.

(không nói “an own house”)

I don’t want to share with anyone. I want my own room.

Why do you want to borrow my car? Why can’t you use your own car?

        3.     Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng own để nói tự mình làm điều gì đó thay vì người khác làm cho mình.         Ví dụ:

Ann always cut her own hair. (Ann luôn luôn tự cắt tóc cho mình)

Do you grow your own vegetables? (Tự anh trồng rau lấy à?)

         4.     ON MY OWN, BY MYSELF

Các thành ngữ on+tính từ sở hữu+own như on my own, on your own, on his own,… và by+reflexive pronoun như by myself, by yourself, by himself,… đều có nghĩa là một mình.

Ví dụ:

I like to live on my own

I like to live by myself

(Tôi muốn sống một mình)

He’s sitting on his own in a cafe

He’s sitting in a cafe by himself.

(Anh ta ngồi một mình trong quán cà phê)

She went to church on her own.

She went to church by herself.

(Cô ta đi nhà thờ một mình)

TIME

Time - Thời gian

Để hỏi về thời gian ta dùng câu hỏi:

• What time is it? (Mấy giờ rồi?) 

hay hiện nay người ta cũng thường dùng câu hỏi này:

• What’s the time? (Mấy giờ rồi?) 

Để nói về thời gian ta dùng các cách nói sau:

1. Người ta dùng “IT” để nói đến giờ giấc.

2. Nếu chỉ nói đến giờ không có phút ta dùng o’clock hoặc có thể chỉ cần viết số.

Ví dụ: 

• It’s five o’clock (5 giờ rồi) 
• He ussually gets up at five (Anh ấy thường dậy lúc năm giờ) 

3. Nếu nói đến giờ lẫn phút ta dùng:

+ “past” nếu muốn nói phút hơn

+ “to” nếu muốn nói kém

Ví dụ:

• It’s five past two now. (Bây giờ là hai giờ năm phút) 
• It’s five to two now (Bây giờ là hai giờ kém năm). 

Các từ sau được dùng để nói về thời gian

• · hour :giờ 
• · minute :phút 
• · second :giây 

Vocabulary

• · the day before yesterday :ngày hôm kia 
• · the day after tomorrow :ngày mốt 

Người ta thường dùng it để nói đến ngày tháng, giờ giấc và thời tiết.

Ví dụ:

• · It’s lovely today. (Hôm nay trời đẹp) 
• · It’s January now (Bây giờ là tháng Một)

DATE

Date: Ngày tháng

1.     Các thứ trong tuần được viết:

·         Monday :Thứ Hai

·         Tuesday :Thứ Ba

·         Wednesday :Thứ Tư

·         Thursday :Thứ Năm

·         Friday :Thứ Sáu

·         Saturday :Thứ Bảy

·         Sunday :Chủ Nhật

      Người ta thường viết tắt bằng cách viết ba chữ đầu tiên của các từ này.

Ví dụ: Mon. = Monday, Tue. = Tuesday,…

2.     Các tháng bao gồm:

·         January :Tháng Giêng

·         February :Tháng Hai

·         March :Tháng Ba

·         April :Tháng Tư

·         May :Tháng Năm

·         June :Tháng Sáu

·         July :Tháng Bảy

·         August :Tháng Tám

·         September :Tháng Chín

·         October :Tháng Mười

·         November :Tháng Mười Một

·         December :Tháng Mười Hai

Để viết ngày người Anh viết theo dạng:

Thứ + , + Tháng + Ngày (Số thứ tự) + , + Năm

Ví dụ:

Wednesday, January 09, 2013 hoặc Wednesday, January 09th, 2013

(Thứ Tư ngày 9 tháng Một năm 2013)

Để đọc số ghi năm không đọc theo cách đọc số bình thường mà bốn chữ số được chia đôi để đọc. Ví dụ:

1880 = 18 và 80 = eighteen eighty

2012 = 20 và 12 = twenty twelve

Các từ sau được dùng để nói về ngày tháng:

·         day :ngày

·         week :tuần

·         month :tháng

·         day of week :ngày trong tuần, thứ

·         year :năm

·         yesterday :hôm qua

·         today :hôm nay

·         tomorrow :ngày mai

Để hỏi về ngày tháng ta dùng câu hỏi:

What’s date today? (Hôm nay ngày mấy?)

Khi nói về ngày ta dùng kèm với các giới từ, khi dùng các giới từ này để ý cách sử dụng khác nhau.

Ví dụ nói vào ngày thứ hai, vào tháng giêng hay vào năm 1992,.. ta nói on Monday, in January, in 1992,…

Khi nói về ngày trong tuần ta dùng giới từ on

Khi nói về tháng, năm ta dùng giới từ in.